Garbage treatment or management basically refers to what happens to household, commercial and industrial waste or rubbish once it has been collected and sent to a treatment plant. There are a variety of different methods that are employed in the treatment of waste:
1. Sorting And Separation
There are basically two types of waste that need to be treated very differently – biological matter and synthetic or man-made garbage. The first step in any garbage treatment process (Clasificación y separación) is to sort the synthetic from the biological. The next step is separate those man-made items that can recycled or reused.
2. Mechanical Waste Treatment
Once those materials that are recyclable or reusable have been removed, the remaining synthetic waste is broken down into smaller pieces or shredded. These broken down elements will then be compressed into bales with the main aim to reduce the volume of the garbage. This process is referred to as balling and is also important for the waste to be transported easily for the next phase of waste treatment.
3. Reuse And Recycle
Any items that are reusable or recyclable will need to be washed and cleaned before it can be sent to the appropriate waste management or recycling facility(equipo de pirolisis). This washing process is to remove any biological matter that remains on the synthetic garbage or other harmful elements. The washing and cleaning process aims to be environmentally friendly and should not contain any hazardous chemicals that are harmful to the environment. Synthetic garbage needs to be cleaned before it can be sent for reprocessing.
4. Thermal Waste Treatment
Garbage that is not usable in any way is sent for thermal treatment which basically means that it is incinerated at a high temperature. This process has many benefits and once again reduces the volume of garbage greatly and destroys other elements entirely. The bonus is that the high temperatures reached during the destruction of the waste is sufficient to generate electricity making the treatment process self-sustainable.
5. Biological Treatment
Biological matter (Materia biológica) as well as any other items that are biodegradable but not reusable or recyclable are compressed to reduce the volume and normally sent to landfills. However, biological matter may be sent for further treatment in order to produce compost. The process normally involves the introduction of aerobic bacteria to plant based biological matter to speed up or increase the rate of decomposition.
6. Landfills
The main goal of garbage treatment is to reduce the amount of waste that is sent to landfills dramatically. Only items that are not reusable, recyclable, suitable for thermal or biological treatment will be sent to landfills. Waste treatment facilities rely on the different treatment processes in order to produce usable or marketable products. The more garbage they are able to treat, the more marketable their treatment model becomes.
7. Hazardous Waste
Hazardous waste needs to be stabilized and is then solidified. Unfortunately, hazardous waste cannot be treated further and is normally stored safely at a suitable site or at a waste treatment plant or facility.
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